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Disability Discrimination

• Human rights codes do not define what constitutes discrimination. What constitutes discrimination for the purposes of human rights law is established by case law and has been an evolving concept. This section deals with establishing discrimination and  forms of discrimination. Discrimination can result intentionally or unintentionally. Discrimination can arise directly, indirectly  or by a neutral rule or standard that adversely effects a person with a disability (Adverse Effects Discrimination). Harassment and poisoned work environments are prohibited by human rights law. Discrimination may also be systemic or institutional.

Case Law

• Stewart v Elk Valley Coal Corp, 2017 SCC
• Ontario (Human Rights Commission) v Simpsons-Sears Ltd, [1985]
• Moore v BC (Ministry of Education), 2012 SCC 61

Articles

• Alon-Shenker, Pnina. (2014) "Ending Mandatory Retirement: Reassessment", 35 Windsor Rev Legal & Social Issues 22 (Special Topic: Aging)
• Baker, David. (2017) "Stewart v Elk Valley Coal Corp. Summary: SCC Reaffirms Test for Discrimination but Gives a Narrow Understanding of Addiction", BakerLaw – Articles
• Bawden, Sean. (2016) "Studwick v Applied Consumer & Clinical Evaluations Inc., 2016 ONCA 520" CanLII Connects
• Chopra, Shivani & Kathryn Bird. (2017) "Supreme Court of Canada Confirms Termination of Disabled Employee Not a Breach of Human Rights", Hicks Morley - FTR Now
• De Stafano, Corrado & Rose Massicotte. (2017) "The Supreme Court of Canada Examines the Discriminatory Nature of an Alcohol, Illegal Drugs and Medication Policy - Stewart v Elk Valley Coal Corp, 2017 SCC 30" Borden Lander Gervais LLP - CanLII Connects
• Irving, Nathan. (2009) "An Overview of Human Rights Jurisprudence Underpinning the Test for Prima Facie Discrimination" Council of Canadians with Disabilities                                        
• Koshan, Jennifer. (2014) "Under the Influence: Discrimination Under Human Rights Legislation and Section 15 of the Charter" 3 Canadian Journal of Human Rights 115
• Kosten, April & Barbara Johnston. (2017) "SCC upholds employer's 'no free accident' alcohol and drug policy: Stewart v Elk Valley", Dentons – Alerts
• Lancaster House. (2008) "Disabled Probationary Employee Must Be Accommodated to Point of Undue Hardship, Tribunal Rules" 102 Disability & Accommodation E-Bulletin        
• Lanyon, Stan. (2014) "Conceptual Challenges in the Application of Discrimination Law in the Workplace" 3 Can J Hum Rts 75
• McKay-Panos, Linda. (2013) "Random Alcohol and Drug Testing as a Complex Human Rights Issue", Law Now - Columns
• Oliphant, Benjamin. (2012) "Prima Facia Discrimination: Is Tranchemontagne Consistent with the Supreme Court of Canada's Human Rights Code Jurisprudence?" 9 Journal of Law & Equality 33
• Ontario Human Rights Commission. (2016) Policy on ableism and discrimination based on disability
• Pothier, Dianne. (2010) "Tackling Disability Discrimination at Work: Towards a Systemic Approach", 4:1 McGill JL & Health 17
• Pothier, Dianne. (2011) "Wrongful Termination Claims in the Supreme Court of Canada: Coming Up Short" 34:1 Dalhousie Law J
• Sheldon, C. Tess. (2011) "It's Not Working: Barriers to the Inclusion of Workers with Mental Health Issues", 29 Windsor Y B Access Just 163
• Wang, Jenn. (2017) "Stewart v Elk Valley Coal Corp, 2017 SCC 30" McGill J of L and Health
• Warkentin, Jakki. (2008) "Kellogg Brown & Root: Discrimination and pre-employment drug testing", The Court.ca - Human Rights
• Wheat, Kay. (2013) "Mental Health and Stigma - How Best to Protect Workers From Discrimination", 34 Windsor Review of Legal and Social Issues 1
• Wilson, Donald J, Jonathen Cummings & Wendy-Anne Berenbosh. (2008) "How Far is Too Far? Termination and Accommodation of Disabled Employees" Davis LLP